An online platforms governed by the EU’s landmark tech regulations may soon be required to identify and address hybrid threats within Europe, according to a draft proposal from the European Commission, expected to be unveiled next month. The term hybrid threats refers to coordinated actions—often involving economic, technological, or other non-military tactics—used to destabilize societies. These can include disinformation campaigns or manipulation of political discourse via social media.
The proposal, titled the European Democracy Shield, is part of the EU’s broader strategy to combat foreign interference and safeguard democratic values across its 27 member states. This initiative has been partly driven by concerns over Russian disinformation efforts.
Under the Digital Services Act (DSA), which came into force last year, major platforms such as Google (Alphabet), Microsoft, Meta, TikTok, and X (formerly Twitter) are already obligated to take stronger action against illegal and harmful content. The new proposal may expand these responsibilities.
According to the document, “The Commission will develop a DSA crisis protocol focused on hybrid threats, aimed at enhancing detection, prevention, and response to incidents and crises. This will be created in collaboration with online platforms, national authorities, and other stakeholders.”
Additionally, the proposal urges tech companies that have signed the Code of Practice on Disinformation—including Google, Microsoft, Meta, and TikTok—to assess the risks posed by deepfakes and AI-generated content, particularly in the context of elections, and to implement countermeasures. EU tech commissioner Henna Virkkunen is expected to officially present the proposal on November 13, although the date and details may still be subject to change.
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